What is the `Array.prototype.splice` method in JavaScript?

`Array.isArray` determines whether a value is an array. It returns `true` if the value is an array, otherwise `false`. 

console.log(Array.isArray([1, 2, 3])); // true
console.log(Array.isArray({})); // false

`Array.prototype.toString` returns a string representation of the array by concatenating its elements with commas. It does not modify the original array. 

const arr = [1, 2, 3];
console.log(arr.toString()); // '1,2,3'

`String.prototype.toUpperCase` returns a new string with all characters converted to uppercase. 

const str = 'hello';
const upper = str.toUpperCase();
console.log(upper); // 'HELLO'

`String.prototype.replace` replaces the first occurrence of a substring or pattern (regular expression) with a new substring. To replace all occurrences, a global regular expression must be used. 

const str = 'hello world';
const newStr = str.replace('world', 'JavaScript');
console.log(newStr); // 'hello JavaScript'

`String.prototype.includes` checks if a string contains a specified substring. It returns `true` if the substring is found, otherwise `false`. 

const str = 'hello';
console.log(str.includes('ell')); // true
console.log(str.includes('world')); // false

`String.prototype.concat` combines multiple strings into one string. It does not modify the original strings but returns a new concatenated string. 

const str1 = 'hello';
const str2 = 'world';
const combined = str1.concat(' ', str2);
console.log(combined); // 'hello world'

`String.prototype.substr` extracts a substring from a string based on a starting index and length. It returns the extracted substring. 

const str = 'hello world';
const substr = str.substr(6, 5);
console.log(substr); // 'world'

`Array.prototype.find` returns the first element in the array that satisfies the provided testing function. If no elements satisfy the function, it returns `undefined`. It does not modify the original array. 

const arr = [1, 2, 3];
const firstEven = arr.find(num => num % 2 === 0);
console.log(firstEven); // 2

`Array.prototype.reduceRight` executes a reducer function on each element of the array from right to left, accumulating a single result. It is similar to `reduce`, but processes elements in reverse order. 

const arr = [1, 2, 3];
const result = arr.reduceRight((acc, num) => acc + num, 0);
console.log(result); // 6

`Array.prototype.entries` returns a new Array Iterator object that contains the key/value pairs for each index in the array. It allows iteration over the array's indices and values. 

const arr = ['a', 'b', 'c'];
const iterator = arr.entries();
for (const [index, element] of iterator) {
  console.log(index, element);
}
// Output:
// 0 'a'
// 1 'b'
// 2 'c'

`String.prototype.slice` extracts a section of a string and returns it as a new string, without modifying the original string. 

const str = 'hello';
const sliced = str.slice(1, 4);
console.log(sliced); // 'ell'

`String.prototype.endsWith` checks if a string ends with a specified substring and returns `true` if it does, otherwise `false`. 

const str = 'hello';
console.log(str.endsWith('lo')); // true
console.log(str.endsWith('he')); // false

`String.prototype.link` creates an HTML `<a>` element wrapping the string, which is used to create hyperlinks. This method is deprecated and should not be used in modern applications. 

const str = 'Click here';
const linkedStr = str.link('https://example.com');
console.log(linkedStr); // '<a href="https://example.com">Click here</a>'

`Array.prototype.shift` removes the first element from an array and returns that element. It modifies the original array and shifts all subsequent elements down by one. 

const arr = [1, 2, 3];
const first = arr.shift();
console.log(first); // 1
console.log(arr); // [2, 3]

`Array.prototype.values` returns a new Array Iterator object that contains the values for each index in the array. It allows iteration over the array's values. 

const arr = ['a', 'b', 'c'];
const iterator = arr.values();
for (const value of iterator) {
  console.log(value);
}
// Output:
// 'a'
// 'b'
// 'c'

`Array.prototype.filter` creates a new array with all elements that pass a provided test function. It does not modify the original array. 

const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4];
const evens = arr.filter(num => num % 2 === 0);
console.log(evens); // [2, 4]

`Array.prototype.splice` changes the contents of an array by removing or replacing existing elements and/or adding new elements in place. It modifies the original array and returns an array containing the removed elements. 

const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4];
const removed = arr.splice(1, 2, 'a', 'b');
console.log(arr); // [1, 'a', 'b', 4]
console.log(removed); // [2, 3]

`Array.prototype.sort` sorts the elements of an array in place and returns the sorted array. By default, elements are sorted as strings. A custom sorting function can be used to specify the sort order. 

const arr = [3, 1, 2];
arr.sort((a, b) => a - b);
console.log(arr); // [1, 2, 3]

`String.fromCharCode` returns a string created from the specified sequence of UTF-16 code units. It is used to convert code units to characters. 

const char = String.fromCharCode(65);
console.log(char); // 'A'

`String.prototype.startsWith` checks if a string starts with a specified substring and returns `true` if it does, otherwise `false`. 

const str = 'hello';
console.log(str.startsWith('he')); // true
console.log(str.startsWith('lo')); // false

`Array.prototype.every` tests whether all elements in the array pass a provided test function. It returns `true` if all elements pass the test, otherwise `false`. It does not modify the original array. 

const arr = [2, 4, 6];
const allEven = arr.every(num => num % 2 === 0);
console.log(allEven); // true

`Array.prototype.slice` returns a shallow copy of a portion of an array into a new array object selected from start to end (end not included). It does not modify the original array. 

const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4];
const sliced = arr.slice(1, 3);
console.log(sliced); // [2, 3]

`String.prototype.trim` removes whitespace from both ends of a string, but does not affect whitespace in the middle of the string. 

const str = '  hello  ';
const trimmed = str.trim();
console.log(trimmed); // 'hello'

`String.prototype.charAt` returns the character at a specified index in a string. If the index is out of range, it returns an empty string. 

const str = 'hello';
const char = str.charAt(1);
console.log(char); // 'e'

`String.prototype.match` retrieves the matches of a string against a regular expression. It returns an array of matches or `null` if no matches are found. 

const str = 'hello 123';
const matches = str.match(/\d+/);
console.log(matches); // ['123']